震的英文怎么写

原文：地震是指岩石圈在内力作用下脱然发生破裂，地球内能以地震波的形式强烈释放出来，从而引起一定范围内地面震动的现象。

发生地震的原因很多，根据地震的成因，可以把地震分为以下几种： 1.构造地震 由于地下深处岩层错动、破裂所造成的地震称为构造地震。这类地震发生的次数最多，破坏力也最大，约占全世界地震的90%以上。

2.火山地震 由于火山作用，如岩浆活动等引起的地震称为火山地震。只有在火山活动区才可能发生火山地震，这类地震只占全世界地震的7%左右。

3.塌陷地震 由于地下岩洞或矿井顶部塌陷而引起的地震称为塌陷地震。这类地震的规模比较小，次数也很少，即使有，也往往发生在溶洞密布的石灰岩地区或大规模地下开采的矿区。

4.诱发地震 由于水库蓄水、油田注水等活动而引发的地震称为诱发地震。这类地震仅仅在某些特定的水库库区或油田地区发生。

5.人工地震 地下核爆炸、炸药爆破等人为引起的地面振动称为人工地震。 人工地震是由人为活动引起的地震。

如工业爆破、地下核爆炸造成的振动；在深井中进行高压注水以及大水库蓄水后增加了地壳的压力，有时也会诱发地震。 地震发生时，最基本的现象是地面的连续振动，主要是明显的晃动。

在震区的人在感到大的晃动之前，有时首先感到上下跳动。这是因为地震波从地下向地面传来，纵波首先到达的缘故。

横波接着产生大振幅的水平方向的晃动，是造成地震灾害的主要原因。 地震对自然界景观产生很大影响，最主要的后果是地面出现断层和地裂缝。

大地震的地表断层常绵延几十至几百千米，往往具有较明显的垂直错距和水平错距，能反映出震源处的构造变动特征。但并不是所有的地表断裂都直接与震源的运动相联系，它们也可能是由于地震波造成的次生影响。

特别是地表沉积层较厚的地区，坡地边缘、河岸和道路两旁常出现地裂缝，这往往是由于地形因素，在一侧没有依托的条件下晃动使表土松垮和崩裂。地震的晃动使表土下沉，浅层的地下水受挤压会沿地裂缝上升至地表，形成喷沙冒水现象。

大地震能使局部地形改观，或隆起，或沉降。使城乡道路坼裂、铁轨扭曲、桥梁折断。

在现代化城市中，由于地下管道破裂和电缆被切断造成停水、停电和通讯受阻。煤气、有毒气体和放射性物质泄漏可导致火灾和毒物、放射性污染等次生灾害。

在山区，地震还能引起山崩和滑坡，常造成掩埋村镇的惨剧。崩塌的山石堵塞江河，在上游形成地震湖。

英语翻译：Earthquake refers to the lithosphere in internal force descend from natural fracture, the earth in the form of seismic waves can strongly released, resulting in a certain range ground vibration phenomenon.The earthquake many reasons, according to the genesis of earthquakes, can put divided into the following several earthquake:1. Structural earthquakeDue to the deep underground strata rupture, by the collapse of the earthquake as structural earthquake. This kind of earthquake the most times, damaging the largest, accounts for about more than 90 percent of the world earthquake.Volcanic earthquake 2.Due to volcanic action, like the magma activity caused earthquake known as the volcano earthquake. Only in volcanic area can occur volcanic earthquake, this kind of earthquake accounts for only 7% of the world earthquake.Earthquake collapse 3.Due to the underground caves or mines top subsidence caused by the earthquake known as the collapse of earthquake. This kind of earthquake relatively small size, number are also few, although have, also often occur in cave cloudy limestone region or large-scale underground mining of mining area.Induce earthquake 4.Because of the initial impoundment of the reservoir and activities such as injection water caused by earthquake known as the induced earthquake. This kind of earthquake only in certain reservoir or oilfield area happen.Artificial earthquake 5.Underground nuclear explosion, explosives are caused by artificial ground vibration called artificial earthquake. Artificial earthquake is caused by human activities of earthquake. Such as industrial, underground nuclear explosion caused by blasting vibration, In deep water in high pressure and large reservoir impounding increased crustal stress, sometimes also can induce earthquake.When an earthquake occurs, the most basic phenomenon is the ground of continuous vibration, mainly is obvious shaking. In the quake area people feel great shaking before, sometimes first feel about beats. This is because seismic waves from underground to ground came that p-wave first reach's sake. S-wave then produce the large amplitude of the horizontal wobble, is the main cause of the earthquake disaster.The earthquake on nature landscape impact, the main consequence is ground faulting and ground fissure. Earthquake ground fault often to several hundred kilometers stretching dozens, 。

The safety of furniture, the air resounds to be hiding. when a shock to strengthen family which, for it everywhere in the wall, hanging down or, to prevent falling down. the inflammable 易爆 and toxic substances in place of safety. clear, let the door open and stairways. fixed furniture, the tall man with the break furniture for items ; to "the most important thing is, light on the parapet. the balcony, flower pots of driftwood to bring down.

把牢固的家具下腾空，以备震时藏身。

加固睡床

准备一个家庭防震包，放在便于取到处

把墙上的悬挂物取下来或固定住、防止掉下来伤人。

把易燃易爆和有毒物品放在安全的地方。

清理杂物，让门口、楼道畅通。

固定高大家具，防止倾倒砸人；家具物品摆放做到“重在下、轻在上”。

阳台护墙要清理，花盆杂物拿下来。

The direct disasters caused by earthquake are:The destruction of buildings and structures, such as houses collapsed, Bridges, DAMS break fall cracking, rails deformation, etc.Ground damage, such as ground fissures, collapse, water-jet emit sand, etc.The destruction of mountain etc natural objects, such as landslide, landslide, etc.Tsunamis, undersea earthquake generated huge waves driven ashore, causing the destruction of coastal areas.Moreover, in some earthquake, and DeGuang burns zoonosis-borne phenomenon.Earthquake directly after disasters, trigger a secondary disasters. Sometimes, secondary disasters caused casualties and losses, is greater than direct disasters. Great kanto earthquake in Japan in 1932, directly by earthquake collapsed homes only 10,000 blocks, and when the earthquake fire is burned 700,000 arena.The earthquake caused secondary disasters are mainly,The fire caused by earthquake fire control,By the dam burst or floods, landslides congestion river caused,Poison gas leaking, by building or device destruction caused by,The plague, the earthquake live environment caused serious damage.A, completes the earthquake prediction.Before the earthquake there is bodeful. Now we know this omens2 are: groundwater, turn a variable muddy flowers, bubble, stale, The chicken &duck pig sheep run monkey; Mice flight, fish in water disorderly jump. This adumbrative crust will bend, fold the wrinkle fracture, is about to happen earthquake. Currently the world any country can accurately forecast the earthquake, China's earthquake prediction can say is a world leading status. Most of the earthquake prediction that can point to an area in a certain period of time is likely to earthquakes. In 1976, before the tangshan earthquake, liaoning province haicheng area has happened above cet 6 earthquake, many times before imminent, the government urged the indoor all placed in earthquake tents, and repeatedly proclaiming know only, the result earthquake casualties reduced to the minimum. Therefore, the key to prevent earthquake prediction timely, preparation, and grasp the earthquake rescue knowledge.Two, make family shockproof plan.In the event of an earthquake, it is possible to make our power supply, water supply, heat supply system, traffic system, the necessities of life supply system, information system, and medical health system was a certain degree of damage, affect people's normal life, so, we should set up a family shockproof plan.First to eliminate indoor high content, the cabinet, suspension gallows vertically items, change its put the position and the way to make the difficult seismic fall hurt. At the same time to remove all flammable and explosive substances. The bed should move to some place far away from the window. The window labeled anti-fog shatterproof strip. Shockproof appliance bag easily grab place. For out of danger. You may only grab an item of time, urgent things in it, it will help you overcome difficulties. These items include cash, drinking water, prevent flu and diarrhea medicines.Three, schools should be done before the earthquake preparation.In schools should popularize shockproof knowledge, the earthquake training school should have shock-proof scheme, and if taking lessons earthquake when, the teacher should immediately give students a simple instructions, lets the student in situ shutting fell on the desk. A region, in a certain period of time could during an earthquake. Family and school often should communicate. Earthquake conditional school should be prepared relief items, such as: emergency medical supplies, cold-resistant rainproof supplies, tools, and according to class or classroom distribution, until the individual hand.If an earthquake happened how to protect myself?Once the earthquake happened, if in the outside, must not near the building, chimney, such as any poles could collapse of tall buildings or trees, leaving the overpass Bridges, roads, to open field is more secure. Earthquakes are caused by population casualties though the scourge, but also is not prevented. If can seize the opportunity, using shockproof knowledge can preserve their like earthquake happened before observed birds, animals, abnormal restless, When the earthquake happened squat down below the table all can mitigate earthquake of the damage. Visible, learning earthquake knowledge is very important.【中文】 地震是地球上主要的自然灾害之一。

地球上每天都在发生地震，其中大多数震级较小或发生在海底等偏远地区，不为人们所感觉到。但是发生人类活动区强烈地震往往会给人类造成巨大的财产损失和人员伤亡。

通。

monitoring

英 ['mɒnɪtərɪŋ]

美 ['mɔnɪtərɪŋ]

n. 监视，[自] 监控；检验，检查

v. 监视，[通信][军] 监听，监督（monitor的ing形式）

[网络短语]

monitoring 监测，监控，生理监视器

environmental monitoring 环境监测，环境监测，环境监控

Seismic monitoring 地震监测，地动监测，震地监测